"We sleep too little"

24 years of our lives, we overslept. The sleep is disturbed, a
nightmare begins. "He who sleeps at night some reacted as though he
had 0.5 per thousand, is aggressive and sick," says sleep researcher
Manfred Walzl and asks to sleep more - for their own health.

How much sleep a person needs because really, to live well, to stay
healthy? "On this question there is no universal answer. But six hours
is definitely too little for most people. For teenagers ten hours
recommended for adults about eight, "said Manfred Walzl, one of
Europe's most renowned sleep researcher, in a speech at Linz. Walzl
works as a neurologist and psychiatrist at the State Psychiatric
Hospital Graz.

Why do people sleep so bad, he explains: "Sleeping is no longer simply
chic. . And so it came that the Austrians sleep an average of only six
hours a night, "Stress at work, in the family, in relationships and in
your spare time take your sleep - is to find recovery harder as the
night before.

And thus is the sleep disorder besides depression, stomach, heart,
circulatory problems and obesity among the most common complaints of
the Austrians.

Around 3.2 million people suffer in this country under the disturbed
night's sleep. "Like hunger and thirst, fatigue and sleep are an
essential requirement," says Walzl. The need for sleep was a result of
a chronobiological control of the organism in the course of 24 hours
two times results in a maximum of sleepiness: once in the late
evening, the second time almost exactly twelve hours later - 13 to 15
clock.

Fatigue and sleepiness can decrease significantly reduce the
perception, memory, coordination and decision-making skills and impair
comprehension.

Children with sleep deficit

"For drivers of vehicles, this means a continuous decline of
attention, which eventually leads to an accumulation of errors behind
the wheel. In the worst case the driver falls asleep, "says Walzl.

Recent studies show that sleep deprivation have similar effects as
alcohol consumption. Overall, suspects that could be attributed 16-33
percent of all traffic accidents on fatigue.

The sleep disturbance problem affects not only adults. Even in
children and adolescents, it is increasingly larger, Walzl said. There
are aggressive violent games, rob the children and young people to
sleep. Another consequence of the sleepy youth, is that depression is
more common. "It is a fact that a quarter of all children of
compulsory school age, much too late to go to bed. Many children come
to no more than ten hours more. It is proved not only that children
who do not sleep enough, can not concentrate. No, they remain small,
because not enough growth hormones are released, "says the sleep
doctor from Graz.

He encourages all to make the best friend to sleep because he is
immensely important for a successful life. "In recovery sleep, the
entire body. The human hormone system needs to sleep. Who ever sleeps
too little, is even much easier fat. "

Off to the sleep lab!

You should contact a doctor, so Walzl, if you fall asleep for over a
month after 30 minutes, or if in the night more than 30 minutes after
waking up can not sleep again. "The first port of call should always
be the family doctor. He knows the patient, his first natural means
rather than prescribe sleeping pills and see how this develops a
night's rest, "says Walzl.

Can not be helped, the cause should be investigated for the sleep
disorder in a sleep laboratory. "It may be much to blame, that you can
not sleep. After all, there are 120 different types of sleep
disorders, "says the expert. "It starts with the snoring and stops at
the depressive rumination."

Natural remedy for insomnia

"• milk with honey
Grandma was right, "the renowned sleep researcher said in an
interview with the OÖNachrichten. "For it is only now scientifically
proven that milk and honey to sleep very well may be helpful. Because
the milk is a precursor of the sleep hormone melatonin is included. In
connection with the sugar from the honey, the calming effect goes
directly into the blood. "

• North-South direction
According to sleep researcher at the best sleep Walzl, who makes his
bed in the north-south direction and removes all electrical appliances
out of the bedroom.

Babies in the night - sleep study of the journal PARENTS

Munich (ots) - Babies in the new states go to bed earlier / The
North needs more time to sleep / night, there is no equality

14th December 2009 - As Germany's sleeping like babies and their
parents to live with it - that shows the representative PARENTS Survey
(current issue 1 / 2010 from 16.12.2009 in the trade). The Forsa
polling institute surveyed more than 1,000 mothers and fathers: How
long the child sleeps? When it comes to bed? How often wakes up at
night?

In terms of sleep are easy to care for children, a clear minority
watch 86 percent of infants (0-6 months) at least once during the
night, a quarter of these children (24%) three times or more. But
still: 13 percent of the youngest children to sleep. With age, it is
also for the parents, whose children often cry, better: Between 13 and
18 months already asleep by 38 percent. Only a few waking more
frequently than twice per night (8% more than three times).

Baby days are "My child needs at least 16 hours of sleep per day"
waking hours much - say 39 percent of parents surveyed infant. Only
about one in ten infants (9%), according to the parents need eleven
hours sleep or less. On average, infants sleep every day to 15 hours,
in the second half year of life about 13 hours. At least the North
German babies to sleep: 11 percent sleep up to 11 hours (compared to
Germany's mid-4%).

To the east is work early two-thirds (66%) of children aged 18
months 19 to 20 clock put to bed. To the east of the republic is also
more common for children 19 clock closing time than in other regions
(28% vs. the East. For example, 12% in North Rhine-Westphalia, 13%
middle). Amazing: The older the children the sooner, the light is
identified - this is true for all provinces.

Have difficulty sleeping north-south gradient to 63 percent of
infants and young children in Germany only need up to ten minutes
until they fall asleep, in a quarter (26%), the sleep time between
eleven and 20 minutes. Only 6 percent of children need regularly for
longer than 20 minutes. Striking across countries: especially many
children have difficulty falling asleep in the north. Here, take 18
percent longer than 20 minutes. In NRW, and center is only half as
many (9%), even in the south, only 8 percent. But no matter how long
it takes for them to sleep - the night's rest for 86 percent of child
begins always with the same ritual. Long-running children's bedrooms
are songs in German (52%) and bedtime stories (42%).

Baby in bed - between stopgap of conviction and 22 percent of
surveyed parents leave their child in the first six months sleeping in
another room, 64 percent of babies have their own crib in her parents'
bedroom. Of the one-year, 72 percent sleep in another room. But twelve
percent of all infant mothers and fathers to share their bed with
their baby. This group itself is only slightly smaller in the second
year. This results in the so-called co-sleeping for 43 percent of the
belief that it was "the best for the child." Almost as many parents
(41%) take the baby just "forced" to bed. When the Fathers say even 56
percent (vs. 32% women). In the northern provinces comparatively most
children sleep in his parents' bed (16%), the fewest in the East (8%).

At night there is no equality in the children in two of three
cases (62%) it is the mothers who stand up to calm the children at
night. In the pairs, which share the calming night, the views on the
assistance of the partner apart, however: only 33 percent of mothers
say that they share the night calming the child with the partner. But
44 percent of men.

Baby alarm in the night can not cloud parental joys say only four
percent of parents with babies 0-18 months: "The sleep behavior of our
child charged us very much." For 35 percent it represents a small
load, 60 percent do not feel impaired. Interestingly, the ratio in
retrospect another: Because 21 percent of parents say children over 18
months, the sleep patterns of their baby they have loaded in the first
18 months very much. Five times more than those who find themselves in
the middle of the acute phase. Fortunately, the sleep problems even
when the person concerned only three percent of respondents trigger
for conflict with the partner.

Moreover, in the current issue of PARENTS 01/2010: An interview
with the renowned sleep researcher Prof. Jürgen Zulley, director of
the sleep of Regensburg Medical Center.

About the study: Representative survey of 1,009 mothers (59%) and
fathers (41%) with at least one child between 0 and 4 years in
Germany. Survey period: 30 September to 6 October 2009, the Institute:
forsa.omninet

The study results are a source of naming PARENTS and forsaking
freely used for editorial coverage.

Pigeons sleep like humans

Birds from nap sleep at night, held intensive

Birds compensate a sleep deficit similar to humans. These have now a
new study by German researchers found they report in the current
online issue of the Journal of Sleep Research. Then slumber pigeons,
to be held from noon sleep at night more intense.

Dove at nap

"If pigeons lose sleep when a predator is around, then they can catch
up on sleep at a later time by sleeping more deeply. This mechanism
gives the animals a certain degree of flexibility in meeting their
daily sleep requirement ", Niels Rattenborg, co-author of the study
and director says the research group Sleep and flight in birds at the
Max Planck Institute for Ornithology.

Sleep stages in
In all mammals, including man, sleep consists of two phases: deep,
dreamless "slow-wave sleep" (SW sleep) alternates with dream phases,
the REM sleep are called (English movement for rapid eye). Although
several studies have concluded that newly structured information
during sleep and memories are consolidated, the function of sleep
remains a hotly debated topic among neurobiologists.

Comparative studies in birds may help to clarify here. Because birds
are the only animals besides mammals, which have a biphasic sleep
pattern - possibly because they have relative to their body size
compared to other vertebrates, larger and more complex brains.

Fire in the clock
During sleep, nerve cell groups begin to synchronize. This means that
they fire action potentials in a common clock. These electric currents
can using EEG (electroencephalogram) is derived and the different
rhythms can be made visible. This show characteristic patterns by
which sleep can be divided into several stages. Thus, the deep sleep
phase is characterized by slow waves (frequency less than four Hertz)
and is therefore called "slow-wave sleep."

Suppresses the sleeping humans, increases at a decreasing sleep
duration of the regular amount of slow-wave sleep and the efficiency
of sleep, and mainly during the first few hours. The amplitude of the
waves increased.

Dolores Martinez-Gonzalez, Rattenborg and her team at the Max Planck
Institute for Ornithology have now discovered that birds - not just
put away a sleep deprivation - in this case pigeons. The researchers
thus refuting previous studies in which birds were not on a 24-hour
sleep deprivation as the person responds with different values ​​for
the SW sleep.

Nap "forbidden"
The sleep researchers in their study conditions: They kept the
pigeons from taking naps, the insert that typically the last hours of
the day, at night the animals were allowed to sleep normally. The
amplitude of the characteristic of the SW of slow waves increased,
just as in mammals. That is, the animals slept so well the first few
hours of intense, to sleep without. Overall, the animals were asleep,
but not anymore, because in return, the shortened REM sleep phases.

The type of sleep is regulated in birds seems to be more similar than
previously thought. This increases the chances to learn by studying
animals more about the function of sleep in humans.

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